Democratic State 
 

Democracy is not only political, but also social and economic democracy. We define democracy as-

1] Stability

2] Distribution of goods

3] Majority should protect the right of minority (J.S. Mill on liberty).

4] Right to dissent

5] Equality before law and equal opportunity.

6] Citizenship.

7] Right to information 

Democracy becomes a values leader. Democracy is a liberal concept brought by T. H. Green, J. Rawls, J.S. Mill, J. Lock, Giddens, and J. Bentham. Democracy is essentially participatory.

Democracies do not go to war with one another. Democracy refers to a system of government characterized by-

1] Regular elections for the most powerful government position.

2] Competitive political parties.

3] Near universal Franchise

4] Secret Balloting

5] Respect for civil liberties and political rights.

Democracy is properly a domestic business.

Well there are three principal junctures all of which fall under the shadow of globalization.

1] An increasing spread of democratization and the global forces that have encouraged this process.

2] Secondly is the thesis that the state now under produces democracy. Just as an other functional areas, globalization is deemed to have eroded state democratic capacity, the institutions of accountability and responsibility are no longer coextensive with the affairs over which they have oversight, and democratic deficits are set to be the global norm.

3] The third is the voluminous literature on the literal or democratic peace that links democratic forms with the avoidance of military resolutions between liberal states. 

The states as security actor is undergoing transformation in globalize conditions.

Democracy is already an end giving expression to the community and its collectively constructed values. In short the debate is about whether democracy itself can be the instrument whereby new communities are created. 

Both democracy and globalization are a neoliberal agenda.

Two mantras that came in are-

1] Democratization- G8 has propagated democratization.

2] Can you transplant institutions and values?

Democratic state is normative state. It is binded with certain norms of western civilization.

Democratization is the prime evidence of the march of globalization; globalization is a major source of the spread of democratization. Where the literature makes any link at all between the two, it is usually in one or other of these forms. 

1] Democratization is simply a contingent by product of globalization. Globalization fosters democratization; it is not because of what it does, but because of what it is.

2] There has been some kind of sea change in the understanding of democratization. It was once largely regarded as an indigenous development promoted or held back by characteristics peculiar to the individual political system and its setting.

3] If one accepts that there is a causal link between democracy and peace, a variety of factors have been suggested to explain it. 

First it could be argued that democratic leaders are restrained by the resistance of their people to bearing the costs and deaths of war. However if this were true, democracies would be peaceful with all kinds of states, since wars against non-democracies are just as unpleasant as wars against democracies. But democratic state fights as often as other states do. Their peaceful tendencies are only alleged to extend to one another.

The diversity of institutions and relations within and between democracies creates checks and balances and cross pressures inhibiting belligerence among them.

4] Democracies are not monolithic, they are divided into many agencies some of which operate in secrecy and are really authoritarian subsystem connected only at the top of democratic process.

5] The presence of the democratic culture of negotiation and conciliation means their interactions with other democracies; they share the same values and thus are more willing to negotiate than fight. Disagreements among the citizens of a democracy are resolved through negotiation rather than conflict and coercion. When confronted with international disputes, democracies seek to resolve them in the same ways.

6] Realists believe that no democracy at international level.